静谧而无忧,身心放松至极

2024-05-0117:12:26综合资讯0

一、定义
形容词、副词有三个级别:原级、比较级和最高级。
在英语中,形容词的比较级用来表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。
二、形容词和副词比较级的构成
① 单音节形容词和副词
1. 一般结尾加 -er。
- tall - ____(taller)
- slow - ____(slower)
- quiet - ____(quieter)
- quick - ____(quicker)
- long - ____(longer)
- few - ____(fewer)
- short - ____(shorter)
- clean - ____(cleaner)
- loud - ____(louder)
2. 以字母 e 结尾的词,在词尾加 r。
- fine - finer
- late - later
- nice - nicer
- wide - wider
3. 双写末尾的字母,在加 er。
- red - ____(redder)
- slim - ____(slimmer)
- big - ____(bigger)
- fat - ____(fatter)
- wet - ____(wetter)
- thin - ____(thinner)
② 双音节和部分多音节形容词和副词
1. 以 ow、er、ble 结尾的双音节形容词和副词加 -er 构成比较级:
- narrow - ____(narrower)
- clever - ____(cleverer)
- able - ____(abler)
2. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的双音节形容词和副词变 y 为 i,再加 -er。
- easy - ____(easier)
- happy - ____(happier)
- lucky - ____(luckier)
- lovely - ____(lovelier)
- friendly - ____(friendlier)
- busy - ____(busier)
- noisy - ____(noisier)
- lazy - ____(lazier)
- early - ____(earlier)
- funny - ____(funnier)
3. “形容词 + ly”构成的双音节和多音节副词;由 ing 分词和 ed 分词演变过来的双音节和多音节形容词,在前面加 more 构成比较级:
- slowly - ____(more slowly)
- quietly - ____(more quietly)
- loudly - ____(more loudly)
- quickly - ____(more quickly)
- happily - ____(more happily)
- easily - ____(more easily)
- tired - ____(more tired)
- tiring - ____(more tiring)
- interesting - ____(more interesting)
- interested - ____(more interested)
- relaxed - ____(more relaxed)
- relaxing - ____(more relaxing)
- bored - ____(more bored)
- boring - ____(more boring)
- excited - ____(more excited)
- exciting - ____(more exciting)
4. 以 -ful 结尾的双音节和多音节形容词,在前面加 more 构成比较级:
- careful - ____(more careful)
- wonderful - ____(more wonderful)
- useful - ____(more useful)
- helpful - ____(more helpful)
- beautiful - ____(more beautiful)
③ 多音节形容词和副词
在前面加 more 构成比较级:
- expensive - ____(more expensive)
- important - ____(more important)
- popular - ____(more popular)
- different - ____(more different)
- differently - ____(more differently)
- hard-working - ____(more hard-working)
④ 不规则变化(见教材):
- good / well - ____(better)
- bad / badly /(坏) ill(病的) - ____(worse)
- many / much - ____(more)
- old(老的;旧的) -- ____(older)
- old (兄弟姐妹间的长幼关系) - ____(elder)
- far - ____(farther、further)
- far - ____(farther、further)
- little(很少;几乎没有) - ____(less)
- My elder brother is two years older than I.
口诀:
合二为一共三对, “坏、病”、“两多”并“两好”;
一分为二有两个,一是“远来”、二是“老”;
还有一词含双义,只记“少”来不记“小”。
三、形容词原级的用法
(1)说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用形容词的原级。
- The flowers in the garden are beautiful. 花园里的花很漂亮。
(2)有表示绝对概念的副词 very,so,too,enough,quite 等修饰时用形容词原级。如:
- The desk is too small. 这张桌子太小了。
(3)表示 A 与 B 在某方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。
- 肯定句中的结构:“A...+ as + 形容词原级 + as + B”。如:
- English is as interesting as Chinese. 英语与中文一样有趣。
- 否定句中的结构:“A...+ not + as/so + 形容词原级 + as + B”
- The book isn’t so new as that one. 这本书不如那本书新。
【备注】否定句的结构中,双音节词和多音节形容词除使用“not + as/so + 形容词原级 + as”结构外,还可使用“less + 形容词 + than”结构。
- He thinks English is less interesting than Chinese. 他认为英语没有汉语有趣。
(4)表示”A是B的……倍“时,用“A...+ 倍数 + as + 形容词原级 + as + B”结构(一倍:once,两倍:twice,三倍及以上:基数词 + times)。如:
- Our school is three times as big as theirs. 我们的学校是他们学校的三倍大。
(5)half as + 形容词原级 + as 表示“……是……的一半”。如:
- Her room is half as big as yours. 她的房间是你的一半大。
形容词比较级的用法
(1)表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“A... + 比较级 + than + B”。
- Lily’s room is bigger than mine. 莉莉的房间比我的大。
- Her brother runs more slowly than Tom. 她哥哥跑得比汤姆慢。
【备注】为了避免重复,在从句中常用 the one,that,those 等词来代替前面出现过的名词。其中 the one 代替可数名词单数形式,the ones 或 those 代替可数名词复数形式,that 代替不可数名词。
- The weather of Tianjin is colder than that of Guangzhou in winter. 冬天,天津的天气比广州的冷。
- The boys in Class 8 are taller than those in your class.8班的男生比你们班的高。
(2)有表示程度的副词 a little,a bit,a great deal,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any 等修饰形容词时,该形容词可用比较级。
- It is much colder today than yesterday. 今天比昨天冷得多。
- English is a little more difficult than Chinese. 英语比中文难一点点。
(3)表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which/Who is + 形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。
- Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?李明和王涛谁更高?