动词不定式使用指南
一、主语
直接置于句首或用“it”作形式主语，将不定式置于句末。
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语常置于句首。
二、表语
说明主语的内容、性质或特征。
三、宾语
接带to的不定式，动词包括要求、选择、同意、期望等。
接介词结构on...的不定式短语，可以是疑问词引导的。
用it的形式宾语代替真正的宾语，宾词后接形容词或名词+to do...。
接特定动词时，不定式和ing形式可互用，意思略有差别。
接特定动词时，不定式和ing形式意思差别较大，表动作时态不同。
四、定语
主语或宾语是逻辑主语，不定式和名词等呈现动宾关系，用主动式。
不定式修饰place、time、way等，体现动状或同位关系。
"there be..."句型，主语是不定式动作的对象，用主动式。
五、补语
主动语态: 补宾语，逻辑执行者为宾语。
被动语态: 补主语，逻辑执行者为主语。
动词包括要求、允许、教导、期望等，补语为带to的不定式。二、动词不定式作补语
主动语态：不带to
被动语态：带to，常用感官动词和使役动词，如：
看视类：look at, observe, see, watch
使役类：have, let, make
听闻类：hear, listen to
感觉类：feel
注意类：notice
示例：
This picture makes me feel tense! (p.106)
Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams. (p.24)
三、help后接不定式作补语
可带可带to
带to：间接帮助
不带to：直接帮助
被动语态或否定不定式时，须带to
示例：
... they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need. (p.106)
Using email English helps you write quickly. (p.100)
四、be said, be sure, happen, seem等后接不定式作主语补语
示例：
He doesn’t seem to have many friends. (p.19)
Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you. (p.114)
六、动词不定式作状语
目的状语：置句首或句末，置句首时常表示强调
In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary. (p.93)
A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question. (p.50)
to do / in order to do / so as to do（置句末）
原因状语："sb.+be+adj.+to do..."结构
My dogs name is “Lucky”—a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him. (p.66)
On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. (p.64)
结果状语："too...to", "enough to..."结构
Then I’m too tired to do well. What should I do? (p.28)
The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in. (p.56)
说明形容词性质和特性，不定式常用主动式表被动意义
... the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand. (p.116)
七、动词不定式的复合结构
"for / of sb. to do sth."
引出不定式动作的逻辑主语
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等
介词选择：
for：形容词说明不定式动作的特性
of：形容词既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性
名词：用for
示例：
Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening. (p.22)
Zoos are terrible places for animals to live. (p.120)
八、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why
用作名词，作宾语、主语、表语等
why后的不定式不带to
示例：
作为句子成分：
I don’t know what to try next. (p.49)（作宾语）
Where to go is not decided yet.（作主语）
单独使用：相当于特殊疑问句
What to do next? (=What will we / you do next?)
Why go there? (=Why do we / you go there?)
九、动词不定式的否定式
not / never to do...（带to）
not / never do...（不带to）
示例：
Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other. (p.8)
His parents tell him never to drive after drinking.
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