现在完成时和过去完成时 现在完成时和过去完成时的标志

高中英语语法 现在完成时详解及练习

现在完成时

其结构由助动词 have 或 has 加过去分词构成。

主要用法：

1. 表示发生在过去但对现在仍有影响的动作，常与因果关系有关。
2. 表示过去发生过一次或多次的动作，已成为一种经验。
3. 表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态，仅限于带有持续意义的动词，常与 for...、since... 等时间状语连用。
4. 在条件句或时间状语从句中表示将来某个时刻之前已完成的动作。
5. 除了能与表示不具体时间的状语（如 already、just、never 等）连用外，还可以与表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的时间状语连用，如 this morning、recently、in the past few years、up to / till now、so far 等。

与过去时的区别：

完成时强调的是现在的情况，而过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，与现在无关。现在完成时不能与表示过去时间的状语连用，而过去时可以。

练习：

1. He ____ his wife for ten years.
2. Although she is only 16 years old, she ____ to drugs for ten years.
3. How many English words ____ you ____ up to now?
4. I’m afraid I ____ you with a great many questions. Thank you a lot, sir.
5. In order to find the missing child, villagers ____ all they can over the past five hours.
6. My father ____ his little store rapidly into a big department store in the past ten years.
7. The boy pretended ____ asleep when his father came back.
8. With Chang’e-3 successfully landing, China becomes the third country in the world that ____ on the moon.
9. She is a strong-willed woman and not once ____ in to any difficulty in her life.
10. The Reform and Opening-up, having passed its brilliant age of 40 years, ____ the backward situation of the Chinese nation and influenced the world.

答案：

• C
• D
• C
• A
• D
• A
• B
• B
• D
• C

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