I. Matter's Scientific Name, Common Name, and Chemical Formula
⑴ Diamond, Graphite: C
⑵ Mercury: Hg
⑶ Quicklime, Calcium Oxide: CaO
⑷ Dry Ice (Solid Carbon Dioxide): CO2
⑸ Hydrochloric Acid: HCl
⑹ Slaked Lime, Calcium Hydroxide: Ca(OH)2
⑺ Caustic Soda, Lye, Sodium Hydroxide: NaOH
⑻ Soda Ash: Na2CO3
⑼ Ethanol, Ethyl Alcohol: C2H5OH
⑽ Acetic Acid: CH3COOH
⑾ Ammonia: NH3 (Basic Gas)
II. Color and State of Common Substances
1. White Solids: MgO, CaO, NaOH, Ca(OH)2, Iron, Magnesium (Mercury is a silver-white liquid)
2. Black Solids: Graphite, Carbon Particles, Iron Filings, CuO, MnO2, Fe3O4
3. Red Solids: Cu, Fe2O3, Red Phosphorus
4. Solution Color: Solutions containing Cu2+ are blue; solutions containing Fe2+ are light green; solutions containing Fe3+ are brownish yellow; other solutions are generally colorless.
5. Precipitates (Salts and Bases Insoluble in Water): ① Salts: White ↓: CaCO3, BaCO3 (Soluble in Acid) AgCl, BaSO4 (Also Insoluble in Dilute HNO3) ② Bases: Blue ↓: Cu(OH)2 Red-brown ↓: Fe(OH)3 White ↓: Other Bases.
6.
刺激性气体：NH3、SO2、HCl（皆为无色）
无色无味气体：O2、H2、N2、CO2、CH4、CO（剧毒）