open过去式 open过去式为什么不双写n

2024-09-0501:46:46综合资讯1

句子成分是语法结构的基本单位。除了词以外,短语和句子也可以充当句子成分,这意味着句子成分可以包含其他成分。换句话说,英语句子成分具有内在层级结构,即成分可以包含成分,从句可以包含从句。例如:
Many teenagers are surprised to learn that when you exercise, your body produces some chemicals that make you feel relaxed and increase your ability to concentrate when you study.
这个句子中的不定式 to learn 为状语,且该状语包含了一个宾语从句,并且宾语从句中还包含了一个状语从句 (when you exercise) 和一个定语从句 (that make you feel relaxed and increase your ability to concentrate)。

英语句子有七种基本成分:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语。其中,主语、谓语、宾语、表语和补语构成句子的主干,而定语和状语则起到修饰和补充的作用。汉语中没有表语,因为汉语的名词和形容词可以充当谓语;而在英语中,名词和形容词只能在连系动词之后充当表语,构成主谓结构,与谓语等同。

1. 主语:句子的主体,可以由名词、代词、非限定动词(过去分词除外)、相当于名词或代词的短语或从句(主语从句)充当。

English is a language spoken all over the world
.(名词)
I don't like the way you speak. (代词)
To win is not as difficult as it is said.(非限定动词短语)
When my friend called made his friend unhappy.(从句)

2. 谓语:主体的行为、动作或状态,由限定动词充当。情态动词和助动词不能单独构成谓语;助动词必须与主动词一起构成复合谓语,情态动词要与不带“to”的不定式一起构成复合谓语。

The police finally found the missing boy.
(单个动词作谓语)
I did my homework all day yesterday. (复合谓语)
You will see the world the way you want. (复合谓语)

3. 宾语:主体行为动作的对象或内容,可以由名词、代词、非限定动词(过去分词除外)、相当于名词或代词的短语或从句(宾语从句)充当。

They are looking for ways to cut down the cost.
(名词短语)
Most children enjoy playing. (非限定动词短语)
Can you tell me what you did yesterday?(从句)

4. 定语:对句中的名词或代词起修饰或限定作用,由名词、形容词、非限定动词、短语或从句(定语从句)充当。单个词作定语一般置于被修饰的词的前面,短语和句子作定语往往置于被修饰的词的后面。

We have more male students than female students in our class.
(名词)
Dolphin is one of the most intelligent creatures under water. (形容词)
A doctor from the United States will be arriving tomorrow. (介词短语)
So far nobody has claimed the money that was stolen last night. (过去分词短语)
I still remember the days when I was a child. (定语从句)

5. 状语:对句子中的动词、形容词、副词乃至整个句子起修饰作用,表明事物的状态或逻辑关系,可以由副词、非限定动词、短语或从句(状语从句)充当。英语状语位置灵活,状语所表达的关系复杂,可以表示动作发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件、结果等关系,也可以表示让步、目的、伴随、比较等关系。

Sound travels much slower than an airplane but light travels much faster than sound.
(修饰动词和副词)
She is very beautiful in this dress. (修饰形容词)
I used to read fairy tales before I went to bed. (修饰句子)

6. 补语:对句中的宾语起补充说明作用,也叫宾语补语,可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、非限定动词或短语充当。

We made him captain of our football team.
(名词)
The workers found it difficult to finish the project in two weeks. (形容词)
When she woke up at midnight she found the light still on. (副词)
Mary thought she hadn’t made the students understand. (非限定动词)

7. 表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态,可以由名词、代词、形容词、副词、非限定动词或短语及从句(表语从句)充当。

Social networking is important to all students in China today.
(形容词)
A computer mouse is not an animal that lives in buildings and open fields. (名词短语)
Seeing is believing. (非限定动词)
What she couldn’t understand was why he had left. (表语从句)

句子成分的首要目的是构成英语句子。英语句子不是成分的随意堆砌,而是需要按照一定的语法规则组织起来。正如建造房屋需要有框架结构一样,英语句子的主干成分就是构成句子的框架成分。英语句子有五个基本框架模式,即所谓的五种基本句型。这五种结构之所以被称为基本结构,是因为:一是它们构成英语句子的主干,二是所有的英语句子都是从这五种基本结构演化而来的。掌握这五种基本句型对于理解和分析英语句子至关重要。这五种基本句型是以动词为核心的,动词分为连系动词、不及物动词和及物动词三类。连系动词需带表语,不及物动词不能带宾语,及物动词可以带宾语。不同的及物动词带不同结构的宾语,有的及物动词带单个宾语,有的需带双宾语,还有的需带复合宾语。这三类动词可推导出五种基本句型,例如: