过去式和过去分词 100个常用动词的过去分词

2024-11-2101:01:30综合资讯0

英语动词的过去式和过去分词形式可以分为规则和不规则两大类。规则动词的过去式和过去分词通过在词尾加上“ed”来构成。对于以“e”结尾的动词,只需加上“d”;而以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,则需要将辅音字母双写后再加“ed”。与此相对,不规则动词的过去式和过去分词形式则没有固定的变化规则,某些动词的过去式和过去分词相同,而其他的则有所不同。

(1)AAA型动词

这类动词的过去式和过去分词形式完全相同,常见的有:

bet(打赌):bet, bet

cast(投掷):cast, cast

cost(花费):cost, cost

cut(切割):cut, cut

hit(打击):hit, hit

hurt(受伤):hurt, hurt

read(阅读):read, read

put(放置):put, put

set(设定,放置):set, set

(2)XTT型动词

这一类动词的过去式和过去分词不相同,其中的过去式通常是通过内部变化形成的:

build(建造):built, built

bend(弯曲):bent, bent

lend(借):lent, lent

mean(意味着):meant, meant

send(发送):sent, sent

spend(花费):spent, spent

deal(处理):dealt, dealt

feel(感受):felt, felt

lose(丢失):lost, lost

keep(保持):kept, kept

learn(学习):learnt/learned, learnt/learned

leave(离开):left, left

dream(做梦):dreamt/dreamed, dreamt/dreamed

burn(燃烧):burnt/burned, burnt/burned

sleep(睡觉):slept, slept

sweep(扫):swept, swept

weep(哭泣):wept, wept

spit(吐):spat/spit, spat/spit

light(点亮):lit/lighted, lit/lighted

meet(遇见):met, met

sit(坐):sat, sat

spill(溢出,洒落):spilt, spilt

leap(跳跃):leapt, leaped

(3)ought/aught型动词

这一类动词的过去式和过去分词也是通过内部变音形成的,常见的有:

buy(购买):bought, bought

bring(带来):brought, brought

catch(捕捉):caught, caught

fight(战斗):fought, fought

seek(寻找):sought, sought

think(思考):thought, thought

teach(教):taught, taught

(4)XDD型动词

这一类动词的过去式和过去分词通常也会有变化,过去式和过去分词有时完全一致:

flee(逃跑):fled, fled

hear(听见):heard, heard

lay(放下,下蛋):laid, laid

lie(撒谎):lied, lied

pay(支付):paid, paid

retell(复述):retold, retold

say(说):said, said

sell(出售):sold, sold

tell(告诉):told, told

make(制作):made, made

feed(喂养):fed, fed

bleed(流血):bled, bled

find(找到):found, found

hold(握住):held, held

lead(引导):led, led

found(建立):founded, founded

wind(蜿蜒,缠绕):wound, wound

have(拥有):had, had

flee(逃避):fled, fled

spellbind(迷住):spellbound, spellbound

(5)XOO型动词

这些动词的过去式和过去分词也存在变化,具体形式如下:

shine(发光):shone, shone

win(获胜):won, won

get(得到):got, got

shoot(射击):shot, shot

stand(站立):stood, stood

misunderstand(误解):misunderstood, misunderstood

(6)XUU型动词

这一类动词在变化时通常会出现特定的音变:

dig(挖掘):dug, dug

hang(悬挂,绞死):hung/hanged, hung/hanged

stick(粘贴,刺):stuck, stuck

swing(摆动):swung, swung

(7)XAU型动词

这类动词的变化也比较规则,常见的有:

begin(开始):began, begun

drink(喝):drank, drunk

ring(响铃):rang, rung

run(跑):ran, run

shrink(缩水):shrank, shrunk

sing(唱歌):sang, sung

sink(下沉):sank, sunk

spring(跳跃):sprang, sprung

swim(游泳):swam, swum

(8)XN型动词

这类动词通常包含不规则的变化:

bear(承受):bore, born

blow(吹):blew, blown

draw(画,拖):drew, drawn

fly(飞):flew, flown

grow(成长,种植):grew, grown

know(知道):knew, known

lie(躺,位于):lay, lain

sew(缝合):sewed, sewn

sow(播种):sowed, sown

swear(发誓,咒骂):swore, sworn

tear():tore, torn

throw(扔):threw, thrown

wear(穿着):wore, worn

(9)XEN型动词

这一类动词的过去式和过去分词变化也较为复杂:

write(写):wrote, written

wake(叫醒):woke, woken

undertake(承担):undertook, undertaken

take(拿):took, taken

swell(肿胀):swelled, swollen

strike(撞击):struck, stricken

steal(偷窃):stole, stolen

speak(说):spoke, spoken

shake(摇动):shook, shaken

see(看见):saw, seen

rise(上升):rose, risen

ride(骑行):rode, ridden

prove(证明):proved, proven

mistake(误认):mistook, mistaken

hide(隐藏):hid, hidden

give(给):gave, given

forbid(禁止):forbade, forbidden

forget(忘记):forgot, forgotten

forgive(原谅):forgave, forgiven

freeze(冻结):froze, frozen

drive(驾驶):drove, driven

eat(吃):ate, eaten

fall(掉落):fell, fallen

choose(选择):chose, chosen

break(打破):broke, broken

bite(咬):bit, bitten

arise(出现):arose, arisen

awake(醒来):awoke, awoken

be(是,存在):was/were, been

beat(击打):beat, beaten

melt(融化):melted, molten

(10)其他型动词

这些动词的变化方式比较特殊:

become(变成):became, become

come(来):came, come

overcome(克服):overcame, overcome

do(做):did, done

go(去):went, gone

这些动词的过去式和过去分词形式有着明显的变化,且无固定规律,因此在学习时需要单独记忆。

在英语学习中,掌握动词的不同变化形式是非常重要的一环。无论是规则动词还是不规则动词,它们的不同形式构成了语言表达中的基础,帮助我们准确传达时间、动作和状态的变化。对于不规则动词,尽管变化复杂,但只要通过大量的阅读和练习,便能逐渐熟练掌握。