以下为非限定性定语从句的详细解释:
当连接词指代整个句子内容时,例如:
- The book is so famous, as most readers say.
此句中“as most readers say”作为非限定性定语从句,对主句内容进行补充说明。
当指代独一无二的事物时,例如:
- The moon, which looks like a big mooncake, is very beautiful.
这里“which looks like a big mooncake”为非限定性定语从句,对月亮进行进一步描述。
当指代某一亲属时,例如:
- He has a little brother who is studying in a primary school.
这里“who is studying in a primary school”描述了弟弟的现状。
在不定代词后加of + which/whom时,例如:
- I have seen many famous people, most of whom are so modest.
此句中“most of whom are so modest”为非限定性定语从句,描述了大部分名人的性格特点。
- I see a man (whom/that) you talked with yesterday.
- I see a desk (which, that) you cleaned yesterday.
其他情况如先行词是地点、原因、方式等时,均可以使用非限定性定语从句进行描述。
对于只用that的定语从句,情况如下:
- 先行词是不定代词时,如:I know someone that is so tall.
- 有副词修饰的先行词,如:He is the only man that can speak English.
- 先行词人和物同时出现时,如:He saw many people and bags that filled with the bus.
- who ,which ,here ,there引导的定语从句等。
对于只用which的定语从句,常见于有介词出现、非限定性从句、先行词本身是that等情况下。
对于只用who的定语从句,常见于先行词有one,ones ,those ,anyone时。
As 和 which 引导的非限定性定语从句的区别在于,as 用于表达看法、态度、解释或评论,而which 主要用于补充说明。
介词+连接词的情况则更为灵活,根据具体语境选择合适的介词和连接词组合。
特殊的定语从句以及其他情况下的变化也需根据具体语境和语法规则进行判断和应用。
最后需要区分定语从句和同位语从句的区别。同位语从句是对名词进行补充说明的,而定语从句则是修饰名词的从句。同位语的连接词不充当成分,而定语从句的连接词是有成分的。