关于"none"、"no one/nobody"与"nothing"的详细解析
在英语语法中,当我们想要表达“无”、“没有”这样的概念时,常常会用到"none"、"no one/nobody"和"nothing"。它们各自有着独特的用法和语境。
一、关于"none"、"no one/nobody"与"nothing"的基本用法
1. "None"通常指代人或物,作为主语时,其谓语动词可以是单数或复数形式,取决于上下文。例如:
- 当指代可数名词时,可以用单数或复数形式。如:None of the apples are/is ripe yet.
- 当与of连用,指代不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:None of the water can be drunk after being left for so long.
2. "No one/Nobody"则主要用来指人,作为主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。它常用于回答Who…?的特殊疑问句。如:
- No one likes to be alone during the holidays.
- Who is at the door? Nobody.
3. "Nothing"则常用来指物,作为主语时,谓语动词也用单数形式。它常用于回答What…?的特殊疑问句,或者用于描述某处无任何东西的状态。如:
- There is nothing to worry about.
- What is in the box? Nothing.
二、关于它们的特殊用法及搭配
1. "None"可以与特定结构搭配,用于回答How many/much…?的疑问句。例如:
- How many apples did you buy? None.
2. 在回答“any + 名词”构成的一般疑问句时,"none"可以表示全部否定。而"no one/nobody"和"nothing"则分别用于回答由"anybody"和"anything"构成的一般疑问句。如:
- Is there any bread left? No, none at all.
3. "None but"和"nothing but"等短语则用于强调特定的概念或范围。如:
- None but a fool would believe such a lie. (只有傻瓜才会相信这样的谎言)
- Nothing but a book can help me now. (现在只有书能帮我了)
三、其他常见用法及注意事项
1. "None"可用来指代前面提到的人或物,若无指代时,可用"no one/nobody"或"nothing"。如:
之前提到的三只猫现在都不在了。None of them is alive now.
2. "None"还可以与特定短语搭配,表达特定的意愿或拒绝。如:I will have none of your negative thoughts! (我不接受你的消极想法)
"none other than"表示“正是;恰恰是”。例如:The new guest was none other than the famous actor himself. (新客人正是那位著名的演员本人)