今天,我们将深入探讨仁爱版初中教科书里出现的一些动词及其后接动词不定式(to do)与动名词(doing)形式作宾语的用法,其中蕴含的意思差异颇大。
以具体实例来解析,如“forget”和“remember”这两个动词。当它们后接“to do”作宾语时,表示动作尚未发生;后接“doing”作宾语时,则表示动作已经发生。举例来说:
(1)忘记去做某事(事还没做):"Don't forget to put on your hat when you go outside." 这是你的帽子,出去时别忘了戴上它。
(2)忘记做过某事(事已做):"Oh, I really forget posting it. I really did forget that I had already sent the letter." 哦,我已经寄出这封信,这我真忘了。
再如,“stop”这个动词,后接“to do”表示“停下来做另外一件事”,而接“doing”则表示“停止做当前这件事”。同样地,用“try”这个动词来阐释努力与尝试的区别:
(3)尽力/努力做某事(尽力想完成):"I'm trying my best to learn English well." 我尽力学好英语。
(4)尝试着做某事(尝试新的方式方法):"Let's try knocking on the back door as nobody's answering the front door." 没人应前门,我们试试敲后门吧。
列举更多常见用法,比如继续做某事与换一件事做的区分:
(5)继续做另一件事:"After finishing reading the words, she went on to write them." 读完那些单词后,她继续去写。
(6)继续做原来的同一件事:"After a short break, they go on working in order to finish before 6 o'clock in the afternoon." 短暂休息后,他们继续原先的工作,希望能在下午六点前完成。
还有表达遗憾、后悔及打算等含义的动词用法:
(7)表达遗憾或抱歉(尚未执行):"I regret to inform you that you haven't passed the exam." 很遗憾地通知你,你没有通过这次考试。
(8)后悔或遗憾(已执行):"I dee regret spending so much money on that item." 我很后悔花了那么多钱买那个东西。
(9)打算做某事:"I meant to have gone with you, but I had a prior commitment." 我本来打算和你一起去,但我已有其他约定。
(10)意味着做某事:"Learning a new language means broadening your horizons." 学习一门新语言意味着拓宽你的视野。